Everything about James Curtis Hepburn totally explained
James Curtis Hepburn (
13 March 1815–
11 June 1911) was born in
Milton, Pennsylvania. He attended
Princeton and
Pennsylvania universities and became a
doctor. He decided to go to
Siam (later changing to
China) as a medical missionary, but had to stay in
Singapore for two years as the
Opium War was under way and Chinese ports were closed to foreigners. After five years as a missionary, he returned to the
United States (in 1845) and opened a medical practice in
New York City.
In 1859, he decided to go to
Japan as a medical missionary, where he opened a clinic in Kanagawa and later a school (the Hepburn School, from which the present
Meiji Gakuin University developed.) He also began compiling a Japanese-English dictionary, which was first published in
1867. The third edition of his dictionary, published in
1887, used a revised form of Japanese romanization devised by a society of enthusiasts for writing Japanese in the Latin alphabet. This form of romanization is now known as
Hepburn romanization, and it's often mistakenly said that Hepburn
invented it; he is, however, largely responsible for
popularizing it. He also contributed to the translation of the
Bible into Japanese. Hepburn returned to the US in
1892, and died in
East Orange,
New Jersey in September of
1911 at the age of 96.
Some of Hepburn's noted Japanese pupils include
Furuya Sakuzaemon and
Numa Morikazu .
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